The Pillager 0.7 Release

Posted on 10:24 PM by Tina

I spent the last couple days recoding the Pillager, getting rid of bugs, optimizing code, making it more extendable and more solid overall. So this post is to release the new code.  However, with that being said, the Pillager is in mass revision right now and I added some more developers to the team to add a whole host of new database attacking features as well as moving past databases and into other areas of post exploitation pillaging. Soon to be released..  As usual this tool and any tool i create is based on my issues when performing penetration tests and solves those problems.. If you have any insight or comments i will certainly take them into consideration for future releases.

For now check out Version 0.7.. Named searches and Data searches via external config files are now functioning properly as well as other bugs fixed along the way... Drop this in a BT5 VM and make sure you have your DB python stuff installed per the help docs and you should be good to go.  If you are looking to use oracle you are going to have to install all the oracle nonsense from oracle or use a BT4r2 vm which has most of the needed drivers minus cxoracle which will need to be installed.

http://consolecowboys.org/pillager/pillage_0.7.zip



Ficti0n$ python pillager.py
 
[---] The Database Pillager (DBPillage) [---]
[---] CcLabs Release [---]
[---] Authors: Ficti0n, [---]
[---] Contributors: Steponequit [---]
[---] Version: 0.7 [---]
[---] Find Me On Twitter: ficti0n [---]
[---] Homepage: http://console-cowboys.blogspot.com [---]

Release Notes:
 --Fixed bugs and optimized code
 --Added Docstrings
 --Fixed Named and Data searches from config files                 

About:
The Database Pillager is a multiplatform database tool for searching and browsing common
database platforms encountered while penetration testing. DBPillage can be used to search
for PCI/HIPAA data automatically or use DBPillage to browse databases,display data.
and search for specified tables/data instances.
DBpillage was designed as a post exploitation pillaging tool with a goal of targeted
extraction of data without the use of database platform specific GUI based tools that
are difficult to use and make my job harder.

Supported Platforms:
        --------------------
-Oracle
-MSSQL
-MYSQL
        -PostGreSQL
     

        Usage Examples:
        ************************************************************************
        
        For Mysql Postgres and MsSQL pillaging:
        ---------------------------------------
        python dbPillage -a [address] -d [dbType] -u [username] -p [password]
        
        
        For Oracle pillaging you need a SID connection string:
        ------------------------------------------------------
        python dbPillage-a [address]/[sid] -d [dbType] -u [username] -p [password]
        

        Grab some hashes and Hipaa specific:(Default is PCI)
        ------------------------------------
        python dbPillage -a [address] -d [dbType] -u [username] -p [password] --hashes -s hipaa


Drop into a SQL CMDShell:
-------------------------
        python dbpillage.py -a [address] -d [dbType] -u [username] -p [password] -q

Config file specified searches:
-------------------------------
Search for data Items from inputFiles/data.txt:
        python dbpillage.py -a [address] -d [dbType] -u [username] -p [password] -D

Search for specific table names from inputFiles/tables.txt:
python dbpillage.py -a [address] -d [dbType] -u [username] -p [password] -N

     
     
        Switch Options:
        ---------------------
        -# --hashes = grab database password hashes
        -l --limit  = limit the amount of rows that are searched or when displaying data (options = any number)
        -s --searchType = Type of data search you want to perform (options:pci, hipaa, all)(PCI default)
        -u --user = Database servers username
        -p --pass = Password for the database server
        -a --address = Ipaddress of the database server
        -d --database = The database type you are pillageing (options: mssql,mysql,oracle,postgres)
        -r --report = report format (HTML, XML, screen(default))
        -N --nameSearch = Search via inputFiles/tables.txt
        -D --dataSearch = Targeted data searches per inputFiles/data.txt
-q --queryShell = Drop into a SQL CMDshell in mysql or mssql
     
     
        Prerequisites:
        -------------
        python v2  (Tested on Python 2.5.2 BT4 R2 and BT5 R3 - Oracle stuff on BT4r2 only unless you install the drivers from oracle)
        cx_oracle (cx-oracle.sourceforge.net)
        psycopg2  (initd.org/psycopg/download/)
        MySQLdb   (should be on BT by default)
        pymssql   (should be on BT by default)
     

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CSRF Referer Header Strip

Posted on 8:34 PM by Tina

Intro

Most of the web applications I see are kinda binary when it comes to CSRF protection; either they have one implemented using CSRF tokens (and more-or-less covering the different functions of the web application) or there is no protection at all. Usually, it is the latter case. However, from time to time I see application checking the Referer HTTP header.

A couple months ago I had to deal with an application that was checking the Referer as a CSRF prevention mechanism, but when this header was stripped from the request, the CSRF PoC worked. BTW it is common practice to accept empty Referer, mainly to avoid breaking functionality.

The OWASP Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Prevention Cheat Sheet tells us that this defense approach is a baaad omen, but finding a universal and simple solution on the Internetz to strip the Referer header took somewhat more time than I expected, so I decided that the stuff that I found might be useful for others too.

Solutions for Referer header strip

Most of the techniques I have found were way too complicated for my taste. For example, when I start reading a blog post from Egor Homakov to find a solution to a problem, I know that I am going to:
  1. learn something very cool;
  2. have a serious headache from all the new info at the end.
This blog post from him is a bit lighter and covers some useful theoretical background, so make sure you read that first before you continue reading this post. He shows a few nice tricks to strip the Referer, but I was wondering; maybe there is an easier way?

Rich Lundeen (aka WebstersProdigy) made an excellent blog post on stripping the Referer header (again, make sure you read that one first before you continue). The HTTPS to HTTP trick is probably the most well-known one, general and easy enough, but it quickly fails the moment you have an application that only runs over HTTPS (this was my case).

The data method is not browser independent but the about:blank trick works well for some simple requests. Unfortunately, in my case the request I had to attack with CSRF was too complex and I wanted to use XMLHttpRequest. He mentions that in theory, there is anonymous flag for CORS, but he could not get it work. I also tried it, but... it did not work for me either.

Krzysztof Kotowicz also wrote a blog post on Referer strip, coming to similar conclusions as Rich Lundeen, mostly using the data method.

Finally, I bumped into Johannes Ullrich's ISC diary on Referer header and that led to me W3C's Referrer Policy. So just to make a dumb little PoC and show that relying on Referer is a not a good idea, you can simply use the "referrer" meta tag (yes, that is two "r"-s there).

The PoC would look something like this:
<html>
  <meta name="referrer" content="never">
  <body>
    <form action="https://vistimsite.com/function" method="POST">
      <input type="hidden" name="param1" value="1" />
      <input type="hidden" name="param2" value="2" />
      ...
    </form>
    <script>
      document.forms[0].submit();
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Conclusion

As you can see, there is quite a lot of ways to strip the Referer HTTP header from the request, so it really should not be considered a good defense against CSRF. My preferred way to make is PoC is with the meta tag, but hey, if you got any better solution for this, use the comment field down there and let me know! :)

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Top 20 Best Free Hacking Apps For Android |2019|

Posted on 3:40 PM by Tina

 20 Best Free hacking apps For Android |2019|. 

Android is now one of the most popular operating systems. So, hackers have also started using Android devices for their tasks. Now Android devices are used for penetration testing and other hacking activities including IT security administrator, Wi-Fi hacking and network monitoring. There are several hacking apps or Android devices. So, we have curated a list of best hacking apps for Android.


Before you start using these apps, you must take a backup of your important data. I also recommend the use of these apps on a separate device. Using this on your primary phone is not recommended. It is because many of these apps require a rooted device and app can also harm your phone.


Note: Hacking apps can be used for educational and malicious purpose. But we never encourage malicious operations. We are listing the apps here just for educational purpose. You should only use these apps to learn. We do not support any unethical use of these apps.

1.  AndroRAT

AndroRAT stands for Android RAT. RAT is the short form of Remote Administrative Tool and it allows an attacker to remotely control and fetch information from a device. AndroRAT does the same thing. It has a server developed in Java/Swing but the Android application has been developed in Java Android.

AndroRAT allows you to connect information like call logs, contacts, messages, location and more. You can remotely monitor sent and received messages send texts, use the camera, open a URL in the browser, make phone calls and remotely monitor the device.

The connection to the server can be triggered by an SMS or a call. From the server GUI, you can check all the connected clients and access information.

As the app allows silent remote access, it is not available on Play Store.

                Download APK

2. zANTI

zANTI is a known penetration testing suite of applications you can install locally on Android smartphone. This tool brings scanning tools Diagnostic features and Reporting tools. You can use this malicious software to attack a network and check for any loopholes in your network. This tool is used to test redirect and SSL stripping attacks. You can edit request and response messages from web servers, the host takes websites from your Android phone and more.


                  Download 

3. FaceNiff

FaceNiff is another good Android hacking that allows you to intercept the traffic of your WiFi network. You can use this tool to snoop what people are doing on the network you are. You can snoop on services like Facebook, Twitter, Amazon, YouTube and more. This is one of the notable too for steal cookies from the WiFi network and gives the attacker unauthorized access to other people's account.

This app requires a rooted device. So, you can only use the app if you have a rooted phone.

Download APK

4. Droidsheep

Droidsheep is also a similar app that helps security analysts understand what is happening in your Wi-Fi network. Like Face Sniff, this app can also hijack the web session profiles over a network and supports most of the services and websites.

The primary difference between Droidsheep and FaceSniff is that Droidsheep works with almost all the websites while FaceSniff has limited support.

                     Download APK

5. Hackode

Hackode is another good hacking apps for Android. It is not a single app but a collection of tools for ethical hackers and penetration testers. The app comes with three modules including Reconnaissance, Scanning and Security Feed. You can use this app for SQL Injection, Google hacking, MySQL Server, Whois, Scanning, DNS Dif, DNS lookup, IP, MX Records, Security RSS Feed, Exploits etc.

The app is still in beta, but available in Play Store.

                  Download Here

6. cSploit

cSploit is also a good security tool for Android. It comes with several options like cracking Wi-Fi password, installing backdoors, finding vulnerabilities and their exploits. If you are looking for a good hacking app or hacker app for Android, you should try this one for sure.

                  Download APK

7. DroidBox

DroidBox is also a similar kind of app that allows you to do the dynamic analysis of Android applications. You can use this app to get information like hashes of APK package, network traffic, SMS & phone calls, Incoming/outgoing network data, Listing broadcast receivers and more.

                    Download

8. Nmap

If you are into security or hacking, I am sure you already know the name of this too. Like the desktop tool, Nmap for Android also allows you to scan

It works on both on non-rooted and rooted phones. If you are a beginner, you should try this app and learn from it.

                      Download

9. SSHDroid

SSHDroid is SSH tool developed for Android. It lets you connect to a remote computer and run terminal commands, transfer and edit files. The app also provided features like shared-key authentication, WiFi autostart whitelist, extended notification control etc,

This app is available on Play Store.

                    Download

10. Kali Linux NetHunter

Kali Linux NetHunter is an open source penetration testing platform for Android. It officially supports Nexus and OnePlus devices. It provides the ultimate penetration testing platform that allows you to perform a wide range of attacks.

                     Download

11. APKInspector

APKInspector allows you to perform reverse engineering on an APK. you can use this to get a deep insight or APK and get the source code of any Android app. You can do modifications in the APK and visualize the DEX code to erase the credits and license.

                 Download APK

12. Shark for Root

Shark for Root is an advanced hacking tool for security experts and hackers. It can work as a traffic snipper. You can use the tcpdump command on rooted devices. It works on Wi-Fi, 3G, and FroYo tethered mode.

                    Download

13. dSploit

dSploit is an Android network penetrating testing suit. You can download and install it on your device to perform network security testing. It supports all Android devices running on Android 2.3 Gingerbread or higher. You need to root this phone for using the app. After rooting the phone, you need to download BusyBox from Google Play Store

The app comes with several modules including Port Scanner, Inspector, RouterPWN, Trace, Login Cracker, Packet Forger, Vulnerability Finder, and MITM.

                      Download

14. WPScan

WPScan is a WordPress vulnerability scanner for Android. This app is used to scan WordPress based websites and find possible vulnerabilities. WPScan is a popular desktop tool but this WPScan for Android is not related to that. So, do not think of it as an official WPScan app.

                      Download

15. Network Mapper

Network Mapper is a network scanner tool for network admins. It used to scan the network, lists all devices connected and find Open ports of various servers like FTP servers, SSH servers, SMB servers etc on the network. The tool is available on Play Store.

                     Download

16. Andosid

Andosid is like LOIC for the desktop. This tool is used to perform DOS attacks from Android mobile phones. You can use this tool to set a target URL and perform a DOS attack in one click. The tool will start flooding target URL with fake requests.

                     Download

17. DroidSQLi

DroidSQLi app allows attackers to perform SQL Injection on a target URL. You just need to find a target URL and this tool will start the fully automated SQL Injection attack.

                     Download

18. AppUse

AppUse is a Virtual Machine developed by AppSec Labs. It is a freely available mobile application security testing platform that comes with lots of custom made tools by AppSec Labs. If you want to sue your Android phone as your penetration testing tool, this one is for you.

                   Download

19. Network Spoofer

Network Spoofer is also a good hacking app for android. It lets you change the website on other people's computer from your Android phone. Connect to a WiFI network and then choose a spoof to use with the app. this tool is to demonstrate how vulnerable a network is. Do not try this on any unauthorized networks.

                 Download

20. DroidSheep Guard

As the name suggests, DroidSheep Guard works against DroidSheep. It monitors Android devices' ARP-table and tries to detect ARP-Spoofing attack on your network. It does not require a rooted device.

               Download


@EVERYTHING NT


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ShellShock Payload Sample Linux.Bashlet

Posted on 12:44 PM by Tina



Someone kindly shared their sample of the shellshock malware described by the Malware Must die group - you can read their analysis here:

File: fu4k_2485040231A35B7A465361FAF92A512D
Size: 152
MD5: 2485040231A35B7A465361FAF92A512


VIrustotal

SHA256: e74b2ed6b8b005d6c2eea4c761a2565cde9aab81d5005ed86f45ebf5089add81
File name: trzA114.tmp
Detection ratio: 22 / 55
Analysis date: 2014-10-02 05:12:29 UTC ( 6 hours, 50 minutes ago )
Antivirus Result Update
Ad-Aware Linux.Backdoor.H 20141002
Avast ELF:Shellshock-A [Expl] 20141002
Avira Linux/Small.152.A 20141002
BitDefender Linux.Backdoor.H 20141002
DrWeb Linux.BackDoor.Shellshock.2 20141002
ESET-NOD32 Linux/Agent.AB 20141002
Emsisoft Linux.Backdoor.H (B) 20141002
F-Secure Linux.Backdoor.H 20141001
Fortinet Linux/Small.CU!tr 20141002
GData Linux.Backdoor.H 20141002
Ikarus Backdoor.Linux.Small 20141002
K7AntiVirus Trojan ( 0001140e1 ) 20141001
K7GW Trojan ( 0001140e1 ) 20141001
Kaspersky Backdoor.Linux.Small.cu 20141001
MicroWorld-eScan Linux.Backdoor.H 20141002
Qihoo-360 Trojan.Generic 20141002
Sophos Linux/Bdoor-BGG 20141002
Symantec Linux.Bashlet 20141002
Tencent Win32.Trojan.Gen.Vdat 20141002
TrendMicro ELF_BASHLET.A 20141002
TrendMicro-HouseCall ELF_BASHLET.A 20141002
nProtect Linux.Backdoor.H 20141001

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Memoryze

Posted on 10:18 AM by Tina


"MANDIANT Memoryze is free memory forensic software that helps incident responders find evil in live memory. Memoryze can acquire and/or analyze memory images, and on live systems can include the paging file in its analysis." read more...

Download: http://fred.mandiant.com/MemoryzeSetup.msi

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BurpSuite Introduction & Installation

Posted on 6:37 AM by Tina



What is BurpSuite?
Burp Suite is a Java based Web Penetration Testing framework. It has become an industry standard suite of tools used by information security professionals. Burp Suite helps you identify vulnerabilities and verify attack vectors that are affecting web applications. Because of its popularity and breadth as well as depth of features, we have created this useful page as a collection of Burp Suite knowledge and information.

In its simplest form, Burp Suite can be classified as an Interception Proxy. While browsing their target application, a penetration tester can configure their internet browser to route traffic through the Burp Suite proxy server. Burp Suite then acts as a (sort of) Man In The Middle by capturing and analyzing each request to and from the target web application so that they can be analyzed.











Everyone has their favorite security tools, but when it comes to mobile and web applications I've always found myself looking BurpSuite . It always seems to have everything I need and for folks just getting started with web application testing it can be a challenge putting all of the pieces together. I'm just going to go through the installation to paint a good picture of how to get it up quickly.

BurpSuite is freely available with everything you need to get started and when you're ready to cut the leash, the professional version has some handy tools that can make the whole process a little bit easier. I'll also go through how to install FoxyProxy which makes it much easier to change your proxy setup, but we'll get into that a little later.

Requirements and assumptions:

Mozilla Firefox 3.1 or Later Knowledge of Firefox Add-ons and installation The Java Runtime Environment installed

Download BurpSuite from http://portswigger.net/burp/download.htmland make a note of where you save it.

on for Firefox from   https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/foxyproxy-standard/


If this is your first time running the JAR file, it may take a minute or two to load, so be patient and wait.


Video for setup and installation.




You need to install compatible version of java , So that you can run BurpSuite.

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Hacktivity 2018 Badge - Quick Start Guide For Beginners

Posted on 3:40 AM by Tina

You either landed on this blog post because 
  • you are a huge fan of Hacktivity
  • you bought this badge around a year ago
  • you are just interested in hacker conference badge hacking. 
or maybe all of the above. Whatever the reasons, this guide should be helpful for those who never had any real-life experience with these little gadgets. 
But first things first, here is a list what you need for hacking the badge:
  • a computer with USB port and macOS, Linux or Windows. You can use other OS as well, but this guide covers these
  • USB mini cable to connect the badge to the computer
  • the Hacktivity badge from 2018
By default, this is how your badge looks like.


Let's get started

Luckily, you don't need any soldering skills for the first steps. Just connect the USB mini port to the bottom left connector on the badge, connect the other part of the USB cable to your computer, and within some seconds you will be able to see that the lights on your badge are blinking. So far so good. 

Now, depending on which OS you use, you should choose your destiny here.

Linux

The best source of information about a new device being connected is
# dmesg

The tail of the output should look like
[267300.206966] usb 2-2.2: new full-speed USB device number 14 using uhci_hcd
[267300.326484] usb 2-2.2: New USB device found, idVendor=0403, idProduct=6001
[267300.326486] usb 2-2.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[267300.326487] usb 2-2.2: Product: FT232R USB UART
[267300.326488] usb 2-2.2: Manufacturer: FTDI
[267300.326489] usb 2-2.2: SerialNumber: AC01U4XN
[267300.558684] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic
[267300.558692] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for generic
[267300.639673] usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio
[267300.639684] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Device
[267300.639713] ftdi_sio 2-2.2:1.0: FTDI USB Serial Device converter detected
[267300.639741] usb 2-2.2: Detected FT232RL
[267300.643235] usb 2-2.2: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now attached to ttyUSB0

Dmesg is pretty kind to us, as it even notifies us that the device is now attached to ttyUSB0. 

From now on, connecting to the device is exactly the same as it is in the macOS section, so please find the "Linux users, read it from here" section below. 

macOS

There are multiple commands you can type into Terminal to get an idea about what you are looking at. One command is:
# ioreg -p IOUSB -w0 -l

With this command, you should get output similar to this:

+-o FT232R USB UART@14100000  <class AppleUSBDevice, id 0x100005465, registered, matched, active, busy 0 (712 ms), retain 20>
    |   {
    |     "sessionID" = 71217335583342
    |     "iManufacturer" = 1
    |     "bNumConfigurations" = 1
    |     "idProduct" = 24577
    |     "bcdDevice" = 1536
    |     "Bus Power Available" = 250
    |     "USB Address" = 2
    |     "bMaxPacketSize0" = 8
    |     "iProduct" = 2
    |     "iSerialNumber" = 3
    |     "bDeviceClass" = 0
    |     "Built-In" = No
    |     "locationID" = 336592896
    |     "bDeviceSubClass" = 0
    |     "bcdUSB" = 512
    |     "USB Product Name" = "FT232R USB UART"
    |     "PortNum" = 1
    |     "non-removable" = "no"
    |     "IOCFPlugInTypes" = {"9dc7b780-9ec0-11d4-a54f-000a27052861"="IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/IOUSBLib.bundle"}
    |     "bDeviceProtocol" = 0
    |     "IOUserClientClass" = "IOUSBDeviceUserClientV2"
    |     "IOPowerManagement" = {"DevicePowerState"=0,"CurrentPowerState"=3,"CapabilityFlags"=65536,"MaxPowerState"=4,"DriverPowerState"=3}
    |     "kUSBCurrentConfiguration" = 1
    |     "Device Speed" = 1
    |     "USB Vendor Name" = "FTDI"
    |     "idVendor" = 1027
    |     "IOGeneralInterest" = "IOCommand is not serializable"
    |     "USB Serial Number" = "AC01U4XN"
    |     "IOClassNameOverride" = "IOUSBDevice"
    |   } 
The most important information you get is the USB serial number - AC01U4XN in my case.
Another way to get this information is
# system_profiler SPUSBDataType

which will give back something similar to:
FT232R USB UART:

          Product ID: 0x6001
          Vendor ID: 0x0403  (Future Technology Devices International Limited)
          Version: 6.00
          Serial Number: AC01U4XN
          Speed: Up to 12 Mb/sec
          Manufacturer: FTDI
          Location ID: 0x14100000 / 2
          Current Available (mA): 500
          Current Required (mA): 90
          Extra Operating Current (mA): 0

The serial number you got is the same.

What you are trying to achieve here is to connect to the device, but in order to connect to it, you have to know where the device in the /dev folder is mapped to. A quick and dirty solution is to list all devices under /dev when the device is disconnected, once when it is connected, and diff the outputs. For example, the following should do the job:

ls -lha /dev/tty* > plugged.txt
ls -lha /dev/tty* > np.txt
vimdiff plugged.txt np.txt

The result should be obvious, /dev/tty.usbserial-AC01U4XN is the new device in case macOS. In the case of Linux, it was /dev/ttyUSB0.

Linux users, read it from here. macOS users, please continue reading

Now you can use either the built-in screen command or minicom to get data out from the badge. Usually, you need three information in order to communicate with a badge. Path on /dev (you already got that), speed in baud, and the async config parameters. Either you can guess the speed or you can Google that for the specific device. Standard baud rates include 110, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, 128000 and 256000 bits per second. I usually found 1200, 9600 and 115200 a common choice, but that is just me.
Regarding the async config parameters, the default is that 8 bits are used, there is no parity bit, and 1 stop bit is used. The short abbreviation for this is 8n1. In the next example, you will use the screen command. By default, it uses 8n1, but it is called cs8 to confuse the beginners.

If you type:
# screen /dev/tty.usbserial-AC01U4XN 9600
or
# screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600
and wait for minutes and nothing happens, it is because the badge already tried to communicate via the USB port, but no-one was listening there. Disconnect the badge from the computer, connect again, and type the screen command above to connect. If you are quick enough you can see that the amber LED will stop blinking and your screen command is greeted with some interesting information. By quick enough I mean ˜90 seconds, as it takes the device 1.5 minutes to boot the OS and the CTF app.

Windows

When you connect the device to Windows, you will be greeted with a pop-up.

Just click on the popup and you will see the COM port number the device is connected to:


In this case, it is connected to COM3. So let's fire up our favorite putty.exe, select Serial, choose COM3, add speed 9600, and you are ready to go!


You might check the end of the macOS section in case you can't see anything. Timing is everything.

The CTF

Welcome to the Hacktivity 2018 badge challenge!

This challenge consists of several tasks with one or more levels of
difficulty. They are all connected in some way or another to HW RE
and there's no competition, the whole purpose is to learn things.

Note: we recommend turning on local echo in your terminal!
Also, feel free to ask for hints at the Hackcenter!

Choose your destiny below:

  1. Visual HW debugging
  2. Reverse engineering
  3. RF hacking
  4. Crypto protection

Enter the number of the challenge you're interested in and press [
Excellent, now you are ready to hack this! In case you are lost in controlling the screen command, go to https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-use-linux-screen/.

I will not spoil any fun in giving out the challenge solutions here. It is still your task to find solutions for these.

But here is a catch. You can get a root shell on the device. And it is pretty straightforward. Just carefully remove the Omega shield from the badge. Now you see two jumpers; by default, these are connected together as UART1. As seen below.



But what happens if you move these jumpers to UART0? Guess what, you can get a root shell! This is what I call privilege escalation on the HW level :) But first, let's connect the Omega shield back. Also, for added fun, this new interface speaks on 115200 baud, so you should change your screen parameters to 115200. Also, the new interface has a different ID under /dev, but I am sure you can figure this out from now on.




If you connect to the device during boot time, you can see a lot of exciting debug information about the device. And after it boots, you just get a root prompt. Woohoo! 
But what can you do with this root access? Well, for starters, how about running 
# strings hello | less

From now on, you are on your own to hack this badge. Happy hacking.
Big thanks to Attila Marosi-Bauer and Hackerspace Budapest for developing this badge and the contests.

PS: In case you want to use the radio functionality of the badge, see below how you should solder the parts to it. By default, you can process slow speed radio frequency signals on GPIO19. But for higher transfer speeds, you should wire the RF module DATA OUT pin with the RX1 free together.



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